Library Worksheets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Library Worksheets - Essay Example On this link, I found a number of search feedbacks. From the different options provided, I chose the link and then typed the word globalization. From the search I was able to get the needed information based on the topic of discussion. Reich (5) defines globalization in the text as the tendency to transform the economic and political aspects to match the international standards. I would not use this source for various reasons. One reason why the source is not viable is that it was written in 1998 and globalization is a dynamic concept and the various definitions can be changed based on the prevailing circumstances taking place in the international system. Consequently, the definition is not clear as othe3r concepts are used to explain globalization ensuring sustained confusion in the meaning. In fact, the source as established and the inherent definition may not validate the concept of globalization in the modern dispensation. The Google search is a very effective tool for looking up information. Immediately I keyed in the information, I managed to get the information I needed in an instant. However, the searches bring about a number numerous information that can otherwise confuse someone though somebody with a stable mind and focus can easily spot the information needed. The article provides a broad perspective over which a number of issues can be painted in so far as the concept of globalization is concerned. The information is precise and current to the components that define the concept of globalization. The search used for this part of the exercise was the articles and journals that are found online. The information in the articles is well researched on and precise to a larger extent. Most of the information is current and well referenced. The source defines the concept of globalization in varied and different ways. Globalization in the

Environmental Sustainability Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environmental Sustainability Master - Essay Example There are 76 data sets integrated to fully assess the likelihood of a certain country to preserve effectively its environmental resources. These data sets include tracking natural resource endowments, past and present pollution levels, environmental management efforts, and its capacity to improve its environmental performance. The broad range of environmental issues being faced by each country falls into five categories: environmental systems, reducing environmental stresses, reducing human vulnerability to environmental stresses, societal and institutional capacity to respond to environmental challenges, and global stewardship. Despite of the continuous urbanization process in most countries, Ireland is maintaining its rural character. An evident decline in the rural population was observed in 1901 when the rural population fell from 72 to 43 percent. Surprisingly, the country experienced a boom in rural population growth in 1981 and 1996. This rural growth is characterized by isolated houses in the countryside or cluster of houses outside towns and villages. The expected reason for such phenomena is the obvious importance of agriculture to the livelihood of the people. However, this is not the case. The observed rural settlement growth took place at a time of stagnating agricultural economy and a turn down in agricultural employment. Studies were able to establish that there is a strong relationship between changes in rural settlement and the trends in car ownership. There was a 140 percent increase in car ownership in Ireland between 1970 and 1994. Presently, the country is experiencing 5 percent annual growth in car ownership. Due to this, people are more capable to choose residence in one place and be employed in another; they become the so called commuters. (McGrath) The growth of rural settlements and the increase in the working population whose residences are situated in a place far from work, give way to the issue of car dependency. The majority of the rural population being car dependent contributes to certain environmental problems whose scopes are wider and whose effects transcends beyond the communities of the involved people. The issue of motor car dependency, therefore, is being linked as the main reason to more serious environmental issues. The motor car is tagged as environmentally unsustainable and less efficient mode of everyday transport. A car consumes twice much energy as a train and five times greater than a bus. Aside from this, it is a main contributor to air pollution, a problem which is of great global concern nowadays. A motor car's carbon dioxide emission, measured as grams per passenger kilometer, is 50 percent higher than a train and four times higher when the bus is the mode of transportation. The bottom line, Ireland, its people being dependent on private cars for personal travels is relatively unsustainable on transport related environmental grounds because of the per capita levels of energy consumptions and vehicle emissions (McGrath). Such is the main findings of the Dublin study. Luckily, the current state of our Science and Technology is far advanced from what we can and what we have in the past. Right now, innovations and discoveries are becoming a usual part in this fast-pace world. Ireland's mod e of transportation has a lot of potential of being modified and improved so as to avoid the further risk of subjecting

English Romanticism And Its Characteristics

English Romanticism And Its Characteristics Romanticism as a trend in art and literature of England emerged in the 90th of XVIII century. Romanticism in England took shape earlier than in other Western European countries, it had its vivid specificity and individualism. Its most bright representatives were William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, Thomas Moore, George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Walter Scott, John Keats and others, who have left a rich heritage in the literature of England and contributed to the world literature. Romanticism is one of the most controversial trends in European literature, in the literature Romanticism is mostly understood not only as a formal literary trend, but as a certain philosophy, and it is through this philosophy that we try to define Romanticism. One of the features of Romanticism in England was its magnificent lyric poetry, especially lyric poetry, in which the identity of the poet was brightly expressed in whatever he wrote. English poets framed their observations and views in parables, fantastic visions, cosmic symbolism. Sublime things and feelings were understood by them not only as something exclusive, but that could be present in the simplest things, in everyday life. One of the characteristics of romantic literature was a special attention to the spiritual world of man, but, in contrast to the sentimental literature, Romantics were interested not in an ordinary man, but the exceptional man in the exceptional circumstances. Romantic hero is experiencing violent emotions, is striving for perfection, dreams of an ideal. Romantic hero loves and sometimes idealizes the Middle Ages time, pristine nature, in powerful forms of which he sees reflection of his strong and conflicting emotions. When characterizing the relation of romantic writers and poets to the world, it is important to point aspiration to the ideal, human impulses and feelings, the belief that not logic and knowledge but intuition and imagination could reveal all the mysteries of life. But it is aspiration to the ideal, sometimes illusory or unattainable, that lead to rejection of everyday life which did not meet that ideal. Therefore, the romantic heroes had an internal duality, forced to live in two disparate worlds of the ideal and reality, sometimes coming in protest not only against the bone of reality, but also against the divine world order. Here came the so-called romantic irony of a man in relation to an established reality, that the average man took seriously. In general, the idea is often combined with irony, that is the peculiarity of English literature at all stages of its development. English Romantics were especially interested in social problems, as to the modern bourgeois society they opposed the old, pre-bourgeois relations, they glorified nature and simple, natural feelings. Bright representative of English Romanticism is Byron, who, according to critics, clothed in a dull hopeless romanticism and selfishness. His works are full of pathos of struggle and protest against the modern world, glorifying freedom and individualism. Understanding of nature and its image in the works of the Romantics In the late XVIII early XIX century the very understanding of nature has changed. First of all, it was associated with changes in life philosophy and world view of romantics, who then explained all the phenomena from another point of view, different from the medieval and enlightenment views. The change in the philosophy of the world spirit and in understanding of nature had effects on the romantic image of the landscape: Romantics view the world spirit as a basic principle of nature, as weak, vacillating, the least comprehensible and most mysterious part of nature. With this understanding of nature, the image of nature and landscape appeared as dual: the nature itself and also the spirit that filled it and governed it. Some critics argue that the difference of the romantic interpretation of the nature was in the fact that romanticism tried to carry balance of the world of pure ideas with the world of tangible and visible things, eliminating their opposition. (Abrams, 1975) These questions are very important, because the nature of romantic poetry has saved not only the aesthetic value of artistic expression of its philosophy, but also it reflected a truly profound ideas and experiences, great human emotions. It is important to stress the fact that according to Romantics, nature in general and all its parts have specific features of the human soul. Though it is important to say that such personalization and conception of nature as subordinate to the world spirit is very important peculiarity of romantic literature, because it reflects the problem of mans relationship to the world. Thus, the very meaning of nature in the XVIII and XIX centuries was entirely different. What is the something else, something new that distinguishes a romantic view of nature from its premises? Scientific literature emphasizes such characteristics of views and attitudes towards nature in romantic works: the deep romanticism subjectivity, the subjectivity of nature, precise, individual attitude to the subjects of nature; projection of mood of the writer on nature and vice versa; the identification of the sensitive subject with nature; the animation of nature by subjective emotions of the poet; passionate relationship of man to nature. (Moore J, 2010) Subjectivity of nature is a broader concept than the organic view of Romantics on nature, as this concept unites a wide range of romantic poets. In English and in German literature subjectivity of nature is expressed more explicitly than other literatures. Example of words of Byron, who very often expressed his love to nature, points to the fact that the subjective relationship with nature is very important feature of Romanticism. There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, There is a rapture on the lonely shore, There is society, where none intrudes, By the deep sea, and music in its roar: I love not man the less, but Nature more. (Byron G.G., Childe Harolds Pilgrimage) The main aspect in the romantic view on the nature is its subjectivity, the corresponding correlation of the poets mood with the natural world. It is a subjective interpretation of nature that is widely used by Romantic poets, and such features as variety of moral epithets, passion, and association of objects with personal these are the most obvious examples of this poetic temperament. Nature knows, loves, suffers and dreams, like a man, and together with the man. (Moore, 2010) Thus, the Romanticism is characterized by a sense of unity between man and nature, but this is not always expressed in the pantheistic forms, and may be associated with different ideological positions. Moreover, this unity can act in the forms of dualistic split, when nature embodies peace and harmony, and is opposed to sufferings and disharmony of human relationship. Passionate experience of relationship between the hero and nature is inherent to all romantics, though it may be shown differently by different romantic poets. On the one hand, in their writings dominate the image of landscape, which reflects their search for beauty, for picturesque images. On the other, they pay more attention to the state of the human soul and his feelings, and so the image of nature is a projection of the state of the soul, and the poet turns from the descriptions of nature to description of feelings, mixing them and showing relationship between them. Thus, the declaration of the relationship of natu re with the inner world of man is an important practice in works of romantic poets. (Perkins, 1994) It is the hour when from the boughs The nightingales high note is heard; It is the hour when lovers vows Seem sweet in every whispered word; And gentle winds, and waters near, Make music to the lonely ear. Each flower the dews have lightly wet, And in the sky the stars are met, And on the wave is deeper blue, And on the leaf a browner hue, And in the heaven that clear obscure, So softly dark, and darkly pure. Which follows the decline of day, As twilight melts beneath the moon away. (Byron G., Parisina (st. 1) It is important to note that for romantic poets nature was an expression of spiritual life, where they saw the mirror reflection of either their own soul, or the ideal life that constituted the object of their dreams. Therefore, in their works nature is endowed with more deep meaning, than the meaning of words. Animation, humanization of nature in perception, imagination was one of the favorite motifs of poets. In contrast to the dead to society, which kills a living soul in the pursuit of profit, career, power, the nature comes to life, filled with the spiritual life of people. In this case they usually have in mind the wild nature, untouched by man, which gives rest, forgetfulness and peace. Sometimes the opposition of society and nature took the form of an antithesis of town and country, and then under the nature was meant idyllic countryside, dramatically different from a nervous and noisy city. In contrast to the false and empty society, in nature everything is simple, genuine and harmonious. An example of the poetic chanting of nature were the works of lyrical poet John Keats, who wrote on the high themes of love, beauty and art art. In his poem Autumn (1820) Keats went completely from the mythological imagery, creating a picture of autumn the time of a sad farewell to the past before the harsh winter. Landscape in the poem is associated with the image of a simple man a peasant who lives in a perpetual work. Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun; Conspiring with him how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run; To bend with apples the mossd cottage-trees, And fill all fruit with ripeness to the coreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Keats J. To Autumn, in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 2005) The contradiction between the dream and the reality the romantic poet Keats expressed as a contradiction between the desired ideal of beauty and bourgeois prose. Keatss admiration for the beauty was not, however, fled from life, from the problems of reality. In his poetry, he showed the truth of life, the essence of reality, he poeticized the beauty that was hidden in life under the cover of some ugly things. But when the melancholy fit shall fall Sudden from heaven like a weeping cloud, That fosters the droop-headed flowers all, And hides the green hill in an April shroud; Then glut thy sorrow on a morning rose, Or on the rainbow of the salt sand-wave, Or on the wealth of globà ¨d peonies; Or if thy mistress some rich anger shows, Emprison her soft hand, and let her rave, And feed deep, deep upon her peerless eyes. (Keats J. , Ode on Melancholy, The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 2005 ) Another prominent representative of Romantic literature in England was Lord George Gordon Byron. Byron was committed to the educational ideals and aesthetics of classicism, but he was a romantic poet. In his work the recognition of the classic rigor and clarity was combined with the image of the complex and ambiguous feelings, painted in a gloomy mood, but also with irony. The moon is up, and yet it is not night; Sunset divides the sky with her; a sea Of glory streams along the Alpine height Of blue Friulis mountains; Heaven is free From clouds, but of all colours seems to be. (Byron G. Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, A Romaunt, Canto IV, XXVII) In the romantic poems we see the strong desire to image bright and sharp contrasts , also in the image of nature. Romantics often sought to portray a violent nature, and Byron seemed liked the the presence of danger, a storm for him was a symbol of the great, though often fatal passions. Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean-roll! Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in vain; Man marks the earth with ruin-his control Stops with the shore;-upon the watery plain The wrecks are all thy deed, nor doth remainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Byron G. Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, Canto II, CLXXIX) Aspiration to an ideal and admiration of the perfect beauty of the nature can be found in the beautiful poems of Percy Shelley. The character of pictures of nature by Shelley organically derives from his philosophical views, based on the knowledge of the history of philosophy from ancient times, from truly encyclopedic knowledge. Shelley sometimes animates the nature, gives it consciousness and characteristics of highest creation he signs a hymn to the Spirit of Nature, by declaring the entire Universe as its temple. The influence of the materialist: it were ideas of Enlightenment and the Renaissance that played a decisive role in the evolution of philosophical views of Shelley. In Ode to the West Wind (1819) the symbolic image of the West Wind is the idea of renewal of life: the west wind destroys everything old in its path and helps to create new. The lyrical hero-champion is one with the mighty power of the West Wind. O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumns being, Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic redà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear! (Shelley P.B., Ode To The West Wind, I) Shelley shows the magic power of the wind magically, describing its role as destroyer and preserver, by powerful natural metaphors the poet expresses his ideas about the power and great effect of the nature. Thus, we can see that the Romantic poets often showed the nature as free, powerful and beautiful world that is different from the human. Especially romantic poets liked to portray the sea in this sense, its boundless scope and majestic power, the wind, which has unlimited power and freedom, and the mountains with their grandeur and sublime beauty. In this case, the freedom and the power of natural elements have a figurative meaning, associated with free and powerful human spirit. Conclusion Romanticism is characterized by a sense of unity between man and nature. Consequently, the most importantly in the romantic views of nature is subjectivity, the corresponding correlation of the poets mood with the natural world. The romantic perception of nature is not just individual attitude of the subject to the outside world, but the nature helps to express the attitude of individual to the social conditions of his existence. In the perception and evaluation of the nature is expressed the relationship of the individual to the public life, to the meaning of human existence.

Dracula :: essays research papers

CHAPTER 1 1876 Summary Chapter 1 starts with the main persona, Jonathan Harker; a solicitor clerk making a journey to Transylvania at he behest of a client Count Dracula. Jonathan starts making entries in his journal on May 3. He leaves Munich and arrives at Vienna Budapest. He stops at Hotel Royale, where he has dinner but his night is restless as he has queer dreams. He starts out again in the morning boarding the train at Bistritz. As directed by the Count, he goes to Golden Krone Hotel, where Dracula gives him a letter. On May 4, his next entry tells about the fear on the faces of is landlord and wife. They refuse to tell him much about Dracula and instead try to dissuade from going, telling him that it is the eve of St. George’s Day, when all the evil things in the world have full sway. The Landlord’s wife puts a rosary around on his neck. The Count’s coach arrives for Jonathan. On May 5, in the castle, the driver, the landlord and his wife, and a small crowd point two fingers at Jonathan and make the sign of the cross. Jonathan is later told that this is to word of evil. The driver and Jonathan arrive earlier than schedule time. The driver urges Jonathan to go back. Before Jonathan can react, a tall man with along brown beard and a great black hat comes along. The other driver makes a sign of the cross and leaves in a hurry. The tall man drives his carriage away towards Dracula’s castle. At about midnight a dog begins to howl followed by many others. The horses nervously strain and rear but the driver pacifies them almost magically. The howling sounds nearer and nearer and this time it is the baying of the wolves. Suddenly, Jonathan sees a faint flickering blue flame. The driver sees it and jumps down and disappears into the darkness. He reappears again, the flames seems to have disappeared. Again it appears but does not seem to illumine the place. Once a strange optical effect happens, where the driver stands between the flame and Jonathan and does not obstruct it. The howling of the wolves continuously follows the carriage. The horses jump and rear in terror, but the driver is in full command. After some time, they finally stop in the courtyard of a vast ruined castle with tall black windows through which no light penetrates.

Investigation in Microtubule Dynamic Instability

Title: Investigation in microtubule dynamic instability Introduction Microtubules are important for maintaining cell structure, intracellular transport, formation of mitotic spindle, as well as other cellular processes. Investigation of dynamics of microtubule assembly and disassembly allow us to understand the malfunction of mitotic spindle formation or other cellular processes. This experiment is divided into two parts; we are going to find out the critical parameters for achieving greatest average length of microtubules in part one and achieving the greatest number of microtubules in part two.Principle In this experiment, we used a simulation programme to explore how various factors change the way microtubules grow out from centrosome, and the shrink back. Growth rate, shrink rate, catastrophe rate, rescue rate, release rate, minus end end depolymerization rate, nucleation rate and nucleation site are the factors we can adjust to see how them affects the average length and number of microtubules. The simulation time acceleration is set to 5x real time. Each time a parameter is varied and others are controlled factors.The record is taken when the simulation has reached steady state and graphs are plotted. Results Part1 – How to achieving greatest average length of microtubules Fixed parameter| Shrink rate| Catastrope| Rescue Release| MED| Nuc rate| Nuc sites| Variable Growth rate| 0. 263| 0. 042| 0. 064 0. 024| 0. 8| 0. 02| 180| Result| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Mean| 0. 14| 32. 9| 21. 12| 23. 93| 23. 95| 27. 54| 25. 888| 0. 16| 33. 19| 36. 82| 32. 5| 28. 83| 30. 15| 32. 298| 0. 18| 29. 79| 39. 11| 41. 19| 40. 8| 31. 54| 36. 486| 0. 2| 40. 77| 41. 19| 45. 94| 38. 28| 47. 66| 42. 768| 0. 22| 38. 6| 47. 49| 48. 53| 48. 55| 47. 96| 46. 238| 0. 24| 42. 25| 45. 31| 45. 25| 46. 81| 40. 95| 44. 114| Table1 Figure1 Fixed parameter| Growth rate| Shrink rate| Catastrop/ Release| MED| Nuc rate| Nuc cites| Variable Rescue| 0. 12| 0. 263| 0. 042 0. 024| 0. 8| 0. 02| 180| Resu lt| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| mean| 0. 084| 23. 76| 22. 77| 26. 56| 30. 78| 25. 12| 25. 798| 0. 104| 18. 88| 19. 07| 17. 82| 20. 08| 17. 55| 18. 68| 0. 124| 19. 96| 16. 69| 17. 37| 19. 37| 22. 38| 19. 154| 0. 144| 21. 34| 19. 53| 20. 54| 21. 44| 21. 95| 20. 96| 0. 164| 20. 65| 18. 76| 21. 76| 16. 33| 19. 73| 19. 446|Table2 Figure 2 Discussion Each free tubulin dimer contains one tightly bound GTP molecule that is hydrolyzed to GDP after the subunit is added to a growing microtubules. When polymerization is proceeding rapidly, tubulin molecules add to the end of the microtubule faster that the GTP they carry is hydrolyzed, and the microtubule growth. [1] Varied the growth rate and kept other factors constant, the average length of microtubules should always increase. However, the average length of microtubules rises as growth rate increase from 0. 14 to 0. 22Â µm/sec and stop increasing at 0. 2Â µm/sec. It tends to level off rather than increase at 0. 22Â µm/sec. It means the growth rate is no longer the limiting factor. Some factors other than growth rate, may be the rescue rate, limited the increase of the average length. Rescue rate is the rate at which a shrinking microtubule switches to growing state. We assume the greatest rescue rate, the more the microtubules undergo polymerization. So that the proportion of growing microtubules would increase and the average length rise. Instead of increase, the average length of microtubules drops from 0. 084 to 0. 104Â µm/sec.Increase the rescue rate may trigger the mechanism that lowers the average length of microtubules. It remains at around 20Â µm from 0. 104 to 0. 164Â µm/sec means that that there is no correlation between rescue rate and the average length beyond a point among 0. 084 and 0. 104Â µm/sec. Part2 – How to achieve the greatest number of microtubules Fixed parameter| Growth rate| Catastrop| Rescue Release| MED| Nuc rate| Shrink rate| Variable #nuc site| 0. 12| 0. 042| 0. 064 0. 024| 0. 8| 0. 02| 0. 263| Result| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| mean| 180| 47| 65| 42| 57| 68| 55. 8| 200| 70| 77| 66| 53| 68| 66. | 220| 71| 73| 86| 70| 68| 73. 6| 240| 82| 88| 85| 81| 84| 84| 260| 90| 93| 80| 81| 84| 85. 6| 280| 87| 107| 100| 97| 91| 96. 4| 300| 90| 101| 110| 92| 96| 97. 8| Figure3 Fixed parameter| Growth rate| Shrink rate| Catastrop| Rescue Release| MED| Nuc cites| Variable nuc rate| 0. 12| 0. 263| 0. 042| 0. 064 0. 024| 0. 8| 180| Result| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| mean| 0. 02| 62| 57| 49| 54| 50| 54. 4| 0. 04| 95| 107| 85| 80| 86| 90. 6| 0. 06| 103| 110| 107| 113| 114| 109. 4| 0. 08| 120| 99| 112| 113| 115| 111. 8| 0. 1| 124| 134| 126| 116| 113| 122. 6| 0. 12| 120| 131| 130| 119| 136| 127. | 0. 14| 136| 128| 127| 130| 136| 131. 4| Table4 Figure4 Discussion Centrosomes contain ring-shaped structures formed from ? -tubulin, and each ? -tubulin ring serves as the starting point, the nucleation site, for the growth of one microtubule. The nucleation site acts as a preexisting microtubule structure for -tubulin dimers assembly. [1] We assume the more the nucleation site, the more the microtubules present. According to table3, the number of microtubules is always increasing with the number of nucleation site. There is no sign of level off or decline of the curve.It always is the limiting factor of the number of microtubules. The nucleation rate is the rate at which new microtubules are nucleated at the centrosome. The number of microtubules should be raised if the nucleation rate increase since new microtubules generated. Indeed, the number of microtubules is raised as the nucleation rate increased. From 0. 02 to 0. 06Â µm/sec, the increase of microtubules is sharp and starts to slow down afterward. The trend shows that the curve would level off at certain level eventually. It means there are some factors other than nucleation rate control the number of microtubules.The number of nucleation site may be the limiting factor as all nucleation sites are occupied by the microtubules, so that n o new microtubules generated. Limitations In actual cell, the number of tubulin dimer is limited. This factor is not shown in this simulation programme. The temperature and the pH may affect the configuration and polymerization of the microtubules. There are some microtubules not attached to the centrosome, but present in cilia and flagella. It is not clearly stated by the simulation programme whether these microtubules is counted. ConclusionsBesides the growth rate, there are other limiting factors controlling the average length of microtubules. We cannot achieve the greast average length of microtubules by consider growth rate is the only factor. We found that we should keep the rescue rate at 0. 084Â µm/sec or below. Also, more information about the rescue rate below 0. 084Â µm/sec should be obtained. Both nucleation site and nucleation rate are the factors controlling the number of microtubules. But the nucleation site is more critical than the nucleation site. The above show the nucleation rate is restricted by other factors but the nucleation sites does not.We should examine another set of data by varying the nucleation rate with more nucleation site. If the plateau of new obtain curve is above the original curve, nucleation site is limiting factor of the number of microtubules. Similar experiment should be established with different combination of parameters in order to obtain the best curve. In short, there is not enough information for us to draw conclusion for how to achieve the greatest average length and greatest number of microtubules unless we obtain more data. Reference 1. Alberts et al,. (2010) Essential Cell Biology, 3rd Garland Science, p. 579-580

Lakota Hills

Challenges and advantages of developing a specialty food business: The specialty food business can be rewarding and exciting, but it can also be a real struggle. Specialty foods can range from salad dressing to chocolate sauce to fragrant breads. If you can make it, you can sell it–provided you know how. The specialty food business is more about marketing than cooking, getting your product on the shelves and then off again into customers' shopping carts. You can look at it in two ways, when some people go grocery shopping; they want not just a can of soup but something special. But other hand in an age when very few have the time to stay home and bake cookies, put up preserves or pickles, or spend hours over that simmering pot of soup or spaghetti sauce, most of us scan the supermarket shelves for take-home goodness. So if you're renowned among family and friends for your famous chili or killer brownies or champagne jelly, then the specialty foods business might be your piece of pie.The advantages to this business are that it’s creative and challenging, and if you believe in your product, it can be extremely rewarding. Besides the ability to whip up a mean soufflà © or sorbet, you'll need a working knowledge of safe food-handling practices, health regulations and product liability laws. A flair for food packaging is also a must–nobody's going to buy your delightful Danishes if they look dumpy.Advantages:Being your own boss. Creating your own work environment: hours, flexibility, etc. Doing something in which you believe Reaping the benefits of hard work and long hours directly. Variety, challenges, and opportunities for creativity, full use of knowledge More open earning and growth potential Satisfaction of a successful venture, a product well received EmpowermentDisadvantages:Risk of failure Time Commitment — 60-70 hrs per week is normal Financial strain as assets become tied to business start up and success Strain on family due to financial and lifestyle change Emotional burnout Unavoidable business roles/requirements you’d rather not fill Rejection of your product by consumersIs their current strategy the best way to build Lakota hills? Yes, their current strategy will work in the initial stages to grow into a profitable business. Like targeting specialty stores, chain supermarkets and targeting retail segment with consumer educational plan. How might they integrate other channels into their overall selling model? Marketing is the key for specialty food business. With the right amount of advertising and educating the consumers about the products, Lakota hills will be able to convince other channels too like food brokers and self distributing retailers.They should still continue to target specialty stores, arts and crafts festivals, farmers' markets, events to reach more consumers and first time buyers. And they should also start mail orders, individual mail orders and online sales. If they choose the mail order route, Lakota Hills should develop their own mailing list by having everyone who purchases their products or show interest to purchase at flea markets, festivals or other events sign a guest book with address lines. Another option is to place small magazine ads so customers can order products by mail. How will Lakota Hills make money?By increasing the fry bread sales. They should start considering Adding new line of related Native American products Creating online presence and sales Providing recipes to the consumers They should work towards creating themselves as a brand instead of a productAs an angel investor, would you participate in the round this venture is seeking? Yes, I will be interested to participate in the venture. Because Lakota Hills has built up a good reputation, their business plan and financial projection looks promising. I will suggest targeting online sales if I have to invest. Online presence is the best way to reach millions of consumers.

Philosophy essay

Philosophy essay Philosophy essay Philosophy essay1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the â€Å"Do No Harm† principle and how is it used in determining Safety versus Acceptable Risk? What is the difference between Corporate Liability and Strict Liability? What are the ways in which the â€Å"Do No Harm† principle can be used in the ethical amelioration of pollution?The â€Å"Do No Harm† principle serves as a guide for many business ethical decisions as it is one of the key principles of business ethics. The â€Å"Do No Harm† principle ensures ethical professionalism in business environment. It has been found that this principle lies in the basis of biomedical science as it was developed from Hippocrates’ ethical approach: â€Å"First, do not harm†. The â€Å"Do No Harm† principle is often interpreted as the non-maleficence principle, accord to which people should never do harm to others. Human morality is based on this principle. Today many corporations place em phasis on the role of the â€Å"Do No Harm† principle in everyday business practices, providing employees with ethical obligation to never do harm to others (e.g. the general public, business partners and staff members). The â€Å"Do No Harm† principle can be applied to business relationships, interpersonal relationships, as well as to finding the proper solutions to various environmental challenges and health-related issues (e.g. transmission of the HIV virus).     In fact, this principle is often used to determine Safety versus Acceptable Risk. The â€Å"Do No Harm† principle requires improving working conditions in order to prevent employees from any hazards that can cause serious damage to human health. Safety risk stands for various kinds of risks associated with health-related hazards. Acceptable risk can be defined as the risk that can be taken as it is, and the level of this type of risk should be lowered to the acceptable level.   De George argues that â€Å"some jobs are inherently dangerous, and with these, the general rules of determining acceptable risk come into play† (280). The â€Å"Do No Harm† principle is used to identify both safety risks and acceptable risks as it is focused on safety protection and reduction in the amount of risk. Generally speaking, the â€Å"Do No Harm† principle requires the use of the proper skills, abilities and knowledge to guarantee safety in the workplace and the general environment. Employees should be aware of a wide range of risks they encounter in the working setting or in the environment.There are certain differences between Corporate Liability and Strict Liability. Corporate Liability and Strict Liability require the application of the proper ethical and moral principles to control the appropriateness of the actions of individuals.   De George believes that â€Å"liability for actions means that one can rightly be made to pay for the adverse effects of oneâ⠂¬â„¢s actions†(104). Corporate Liability stands for the type of liability, which can be identified at the corporate level. Corporate Liability involves the obligation of employees to prevent corporate malfeasance. Besides, Corporate Liability refers to a wide range of liability risks, which should be taken into consideration by shareholders to provide effective control over the actions of individuals. However, Strict Liability is based on more strict types of obligations, including the individuals’ responsibility for some harmful action regardless of their fault. Richard De George gives a clear definition o the term â€Å"strict liability†: â€Å"the doctrine of strict liability does not assess blame, and is different from finding a company negligent, or culpable of not taking sufficient care in producing its products, or of failing   to correct defects it knows about† (278). Strict Liability places emphasis on the significance of regulation of the indi viduals’ actions, without imposing blame for these harmful actions.There are certain ways in which the â€Å"Do No Harm† principle can be used in the ethical amelioration of pollution. As the â€Å"Do No Harm† is considered to be the moral principle, it can be applied to ethical amelioration of pollution.   De George argues that this principle stands for the â€Å"general obligation binding on individuals and corporations alike†(193). It is possible to prevent pollution by means of the proper strategies based on the â€Å"Do No Harm† principle. In fact, environmental problems are caused by a wide range of factors, including technological problems and ethical concerns. Corporations are focused on the use of the appropriate resources to support the ethical amelioration of pollution through the reduction of various negative effects on the environment and the general public. The â€Å"Do No Harm† principle deals with a wide range of environmen tal concerns, including serious challenges with hazardous wastes, water pollution, air pollution, increased sound levels, and some problems with wildlife and habitat preservation. The â€Å"Do No Harm† principle highlights the necessity to use effective technologies aimed at promoting ethical amelioration of pollution.2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Please explain the different kinds of whistle blowing. Provide at least one argument for why whistle blowing is morally permissible, and not morally permissible. Please explain under what circumstances is whistle blowing is not only morally permissible, but also, morally required.The different kinds of whistle blowing can be explained by the theory of whistle blowing developed by Richard De George. It has been found that various circumstances affect the appropriateness of whistle blowing.   In other words, whistle blowing depends on the situation.   Whistle blowing is based on employees’ responsibilities to prevent h armful behaviors, actions or policies that violate laws. Actually, Richard De George’s theory of whistle blowing helps to better understand the appropriateness of whistle blowing and its effects on the whistle blower and the company. Richard De George argues that there are three kinds of whistleblowing morally prohibited whistle blowing, morally permitted whistle blowing and morally required whistle blowing. In fact, whistle blowing stands for the employee’s obligation or duty to respond to harmful actions, preventing the company from doing harm to the general public. According to De George, three kinds of whistle blowing have obvious differences that are connected with the level of the employee’s morale and the circumstances. Whistle blowing is morally permitted provided an employee is willing to reveal harmful actions caused by the company to the general public. These harmful actions can be defined as illegal actions if the established laws are violated. In mo st cases, whistle blowing is focused not only on morale, but also on human duty to prevent harm. According to De George, there several conditions, highlighting the appropriateness of morally permissible whistle blowing practices:if harmful action toward others is caused by the company’s products, policies or decisions, affecting the general public;if an employee has reported his/her concerns concerning harmful actions to his/her supervisor(s);if a whistle blower is â€Å"getting no satisfaction from their immediate supervisors† (300).Actually, whistle blowing can be viewed as morally permissible if the company’s actions, decisions, products or services do serious harm to the general public. A whistle blower’s decision is based on moral obligation to blow the whistle and to stop harmful actions.   The act of whistle blowing in this case is justifiable because an employee who blows a whistle is not supported by his/her supervisors. This fact means that th e internal processes in the company are confidential and illegal. Thus, a whistle blower makes a decision to prevent corruption in the company. Indisputably, in this case, the whistle blower’s actions may destroy the company’s image on the competitive market through adverse publicity.Whistle blowing is not morally permissible if a whistle blower does not want to damage the company’s reputation and the company’s harm is not serious.Whistle blowing is not only morally permissible, but also, morally required if a whistle blower has found some interesting facts, documentation or evidence that will help to convince the public of the negative effects of the company’s policies, products or actions. According to De George, â€Å"even with some documentation and evidence, a potential whistle blower may not be taken seriously, or may not be able to get the media or government agency to take any action† (311). This fact means is if a whistle blower has got some important confidential information, it can be used to prevent harm. As a matter of fact, two conditions should be added to defined morally permissible whistle blowing: â€Å"the employee must have good reasons to believe that by going public the necessary changes will be brought about†(De George 311).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, De George provide strong arguments that help to identify the appropriateness of whistle blowing and find difference between three kinds of whistle blowing. The key principles of business ethics should be applied to the assessment of the act of whistle blowing.3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How can one argue that there is a right to employment (in answering this question you must explain how one may have a) a right to work, b) a right to life, and c) a right to respect -not necessarily in that order)? How can one argue for a right to a just wage?One can argue that there is a right to employment that can be regarded a s a fundamental human right. The right to employment is not only one of the fundamental human rights, mentioned in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it is also a basic social right. All citizens who have a desire to work should be given the right to employment. Governments are responsible for providing the right to employment to all citizens of the country. The opportunities to be employed should be equal. In addition, the right to employment is closely connected with other important human rights mentioned in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, including a right to work, a right to life, and a right to respect. These human rights are interrelated as these rights are regarded as the fundamental human rights. It is known that employment is one of the major requirements of the U.S. legislation. This fact means that all citizens should be employed. This requirement refers not only to the United States, but also to other countries. It is very important to mention that employment and labor legislation provides a set of comprehensive laws, rules and regulations that refer to various employment-related issues, e.g. hiring, selection and firing procedures, payments, benefits, etc. Generally speaking, employment is part of social and economic growth of the nation, as it deals with various problems caused by poverty. According to De George, â€Å"the right to work is equivalent to the right to employment for those able, willing and desiring to work and unable to engage in productive work if not employed† (425).The right to employment and the right to work have very much in common. The right to work guarantees economic stability of the nation. Governments are interested in providing the proper opportunities for individuals who are employed, including training, coaching, mentoring, as well as safety working conditions. The right to work guarantees massive opportunities to support families. Besides, the right to work is linked to other human right s, including the right to life and the right to respect. The right to life is given to any individual because it is the most fundamental and universal human right, which should be protected by law. Legislation guarantees adequate working conditions, which do not pose threats to human life. Although employment may cause various threats to human life, legislation provides specific employment laws to guarantee safety environment. In addition, individuals have the right to respect, which is linked to the right to employment. Employees require respect for their work. The right to respect is a human right because it is focused on promoting employment opportunities.Furthermore, one can argue for a right to a just wage, which is also linked to the right of employment. The right to a just wage is also closely connected the right to work because an individual receives a just wage for the work he/she has done well. A just wage stands for the wage that allows providing support to one’s f amily. In general, the justice of a wage should be taken into consideration by employers. The inequality in wages contributes to the growth of discrimination. Governments are responsible for promotion of a just wage. The right to a just wage is crucial to business development as it provides motivation and promotes job satisfaction.

Launch Team How to Build and Manage a Book Launch Team

Launch Team How to Build and Manage a Book Launch Team How To Build and Manage Your Book Launch Team When it comes to launching a bestselling book on Amazon, the biggest leverage an author can invest in is building a stellar book launch team.Your launch team will receive an early bird copy of the book, read through it, and write an honest review to be posted when the book is live.But a launch team can be much more effective in other ways too that we will look at in this post.In this post, I will walk you through the steps for building, guiding and managing your book street team. If you follow this system, you will be investing in the most critical part of your book launch, setting your book up for the long term success it deserves.What is a Book Launch Team?Your launch team, also known as a street team, is a group of people who are going to set you up for success when your book launches. They could be fans of your previous work, readers of your blog, friends who want to support you, or the members in your mastermind group. And, ideally, a combination of all of the above.The launch t eam has a massive impact on, not only the success of your book launch but, the long term success of the book. They are a group of people who are passionate about your book, your brand, and they want you to succeed as much as you do.Your job, as the author of the book, is to guide your team to take action both before the book is launched and then during the launch window. Why do you need a book launch team?Launch team members will help you to get reviews during the launch and, help you to share the book launch as well as get downloads for your book. If you have a weak launch, you have weak book sales and you’ll be forever struggling to drive traffic towards your book.Your launch team will read the book before anyone else and prepare an honest review of the work to be posted during launch week. Amazon favors books with review activity. The more Amazon reviews you can get posted, your book moves up the rankings faster and gets promoted by Amazon under the â€Å"books you also m ight like† section.Reviews also increase book sales. If you manage to get 20-30 reviews in the first week, this would create serious momentum for your book rankings. It is the best social proof that your book is getting read and people are taking an interest in the content. The bottom line: Reviews convince browsers to buy. Amazon will rank your book higher as well if there is activity taking place.Building Your Team: Where do I recruit?The question that I often get is, â€Å"Where do I find people to join my team?† This is a challenge if you don’t have much of a   following and have never launched a book before. Let’s assume that this is your first book launch and you are looking for people to join your launch team. Where do we begin to build? Who can we ask?Here are a few suggestions for building a book launch team:Make a list of 20-30 people you can contact directly.These can be business contacts, online relationships, or subscribers to your email lis t. This list functions as your core team, what I call your level 1 launch team. They are the most committed to your launch. Perhaps they joined a previous launch you had and now they want to sign up for this one as well.Post to your Facebook/Social Media Platforms/Mastermind Groups.This is where you can gather a lot of your level 2 launch team members. If you are going for a large launch team, this would be the next phase. If you want to keep it more personal and limit the number of people, just follow through with the first step and leave it at that.Keep in mind, with your level 2 launch team, you could get anywhere from 20-200 people sign up. The reason we call it a level 2 group is, many of the people joining may not know you personally, but they have an interest in your book. But the question is, how committed are they to following through?It is just a fact that not everyone on your team is going to follow through. Maybe they didn’t like the book, they had no time to read it, or, they were uncertain what to do during the launch. There is the possibility that they won’t leave a review for whatever reasons. This is why we have to be clear with our launch team as to:What actions to takeWhen to take it, and;How to implement the action planThe best you can do is encourage people throughout the launch and keep the pressure momentum turned on. This is where team incentives and providing value will deliver in the end. When people feel as if they are a part of something important, they are more likely to follow through.Team Incentives: What to offer?This is the part of the process in launch building that you can really make a difference to the strength of your team. By adding incentives to what you can give your team, you will increase the commitment of your team.Decide what you will give to your team to offer quality incentives that makes them feel a part of the team.What can you offer a launch team?Check out Kevin Kruse’s post â€Å"Sample i nvitation to build a launch team.† In this invitation to join his street team, Kevin offered up a bundle of incentives to the launch team when he published 15 Secrets Successful People Know About Time Management. Some of these perks included membership into a Mastermind Group on Facebook and an exclusive â€Å"ask me anything† webinar before the launch.Likewise Michael Hyatt, when he launched Living Forward, offered launch members an exclusive look into how the book launch was structured as well as access to a special 30-minute group phone session with him prior to launching the book. So, what you can offer your launch team is:The digital version of the book way before anyone else sees it. This can be in PDF or Mobi file. For creating a PDF or mobi file of the book, check out the free calibre software.A free hardcopy of the book delivered right to your door.A free webinar or a facebook Live QA session: you can get close and personal with your team by hosting a live webi nar where you talk about the book, get into behind-the-scenes strategies of the launch, and share inside tactics that nobody else can get.Exclusive access to a private Facebook group. Here you can post videos, share posts, and converse with your team in real time as they get excited about the launchFree training videos based on the content of your bookAdditional freebies that you want to share with your team.An advance copy of a workbook that you will be offering to subscribersEarly access to course material that won’t be available until the book is launched.The goal is to provide your team with a lot of value so that they know they are part of something important. This will increase the level of commitment you will get from members reading and promoting the book during launch week.Building a Quality Launch TeamWhen it comes to launch team members joining your team, it isn’t about the numbers. It is the quality of the team. It is much better to have 40 people who are c ommitted than 200 that just sign up and don’t do anything. You want your team to be involved and take action. So, how do you build a quality street team fully committed to launching your book to bestseller status?Here are four strategies for building a quality launch team:Reach out to people personally. By contacting people you know on a personal basis you can get a solid commitment from that person with a personal email.Create an application form process. This creates a barrier to entry. The people who are serious players will fill out and commit. You can check out an application form template right here. In the application process you let the potential member know what is expected and what they will be responsible for. The application process creates accountability and exclusive access to the launch team material.Invite people who you have worked with and trust, such as podcasters, bloggers and influencers, to help you with the launch.Create a team of committed reviewers an d promoters to set the launch on fire when it takes off.How to Manage Launch Team ExpectationsThis is when you are up front with the launch team about what is to be expected during the launch. What actions are you asking them to do? On what days will they take these actions? What is at stake as far as the success of the book is concerned.Remember: The success of your launch plan is critical, and the launch team is the all-important component to making it happen.Expectations should be made clear from the beginning. When you put up a post for early bird readers, let them know that taking action is a must. This is the big ask and what you will expect from the team if they are selected to join your launch.Here is what you could ask of your launch team:Read the book before the launch day. Provide feedback if they pick up on such as formatting problems, misspellings, etc†¦Write up an honest review of the book and post it during launch week.Share word of the launch through your social platforms, mentioning the book in a weekly blog post, and starting a discussion about the book in chat forums. This could also include tweets, Facebook posts, or post the cover to Pinterest and Instagram.Share promotional ideas within the launch group. This is where a Facebook Group would come in. Members can easily post ideas and swap strategies for promoting the book.Take a photo of you holding up a copy of the paperback. This would require that the paperback be ready in advance to send to select team members so they have time to take the photo before launch.Provide your team with a list of action strategies they can take during launch week. Let them choose what strategies they like and fits into their schedule. You can encourage the team by adding a points system.The members who take action and complete each promotional strategy earn a number of points. This could lead to receiving even more freebies.Launch Team CommunicationNow that you have your team together with emails, you have set the expectations and outlined the launch plan, now you have to decide how you will communicate with your team. People need to feel connected to you during the launch or else they lose interest and you lose the trust of your team. Set up your method of communication and invite everyone into the launch.Email CampaignSet up at least 6-10 emails to be delivered throughout the launch. You can add your team emails to a campaign in your email service provider such as Mailchimp, Mailerlite or Convert Kit. You can set up email autoresponders to go out on certain dates, or customize your emails as you go.Launch Team Emails: How often and how many?One question that comes up often is, â€Å"how many emails do I send out, how often and what should the content look like? Once again, if you are running a Facebook Group and using that as your main source of communication, I still recommend you have a set of emails set up to be delivered throughout the launch.I send out an email every seco nd day. Here is a breakdown of what these launch team emails would look like:Email #1: Welcome Email: Includes Intro to the team and the PDF of the book.Email #2: How is the book reading? General overview of the launch plan.Email #3: 5 Days Before Launch. Include a video of how to leave a review on AmazonEmail #4: The day before launch- Are you ready?Email #5: LAUNCH DAY! It is time to take action.Email #6: Review reminder, update on book status and current ranking.Email #7: Final reminder. Leave a review and FREE paperback giveaway reminder.Email #8: Final email. Thank you for joining the launch team.What you want to do is take time to customize your own emails. You can space the emails out accordingly. I like to keep them balanced so that the team is getting the support they need without feeling too overwhelmed.Facebook GroupA group you can add your members to for easy access and communication. You can post regularly and easily add video and communicate with regular updates. Membe rs can, as we mentioned, share ideas for promoting the book during the launch day.Even if you do a Facebook Group, I recommend sending out regular emails regardless. Not everyone is going to be into joining a Facebook Group, so communicating with regular emails set up to be delivered on select dates will cover all the bases.Sending Out Your Book to Your Launch TeamThere are three ways you can get the advance copy to your team.PDF Form. Attach the PDF to the welcome email if you are delivering it this way. For larger files, you can drop the book in Dropbox and share the link with your team. Dropbox allows people to download the book without having to sign up for an account.Bookfunnel.com This is a great way to deliver your book. BookFunnel has a yearly subscription fee but it’s worth it if you launch regularly. The basic price is $20 a month for 1 pen name and 500 downloads per month. You can check out the features of bookfunnel right here.The pigeonhole. I’ve used the pigeonhole before and I really liked it. How it works is like this. You upload your book in PDF form to the team at Pigeonhole. You provide them with your launch team emails and then, Pigeonhole posts a chapter a day of your book on their site. Members read right on line and can comment on the book as they work through it.This is a great platform for improving the quality of the book as well. Early readers catch the small mistakes that were missed and you can fix everything up before launching.4 Common Launch Team Mistakes to AvoidIn order to make the most of your launch team, there are different mistakes we see often that you want to avoid.#1 Sending out emails with long gaps in betweenYou want to be consistent in communicating with your launch team. Long gaps in between emails will result in people losing interest and not following through when they should. I average an email every 2-3 days. For a Facebook group, you could post something everyday, even if it is just a short blurb .#2 Failing to set expectationsRemember the list of expectations we looked at in the beginning? By not setting your expectations you are leaving the launch wide open to chaos. Be sure people know what they need to do and when they need to do it. Don’t just assume people will take action. They need you, the author, to lead them. Be upfront and let them know they are with you until the end to take action.#3 Setting your initial price point too highOkay, you might think this is common sense but, you want to launch your book right away at the lowest price point possible. That would be 0.99, and then possibly free after you’ve set set your promo up in the KDP dashboard.If your price is upwards of $5-10, people may not download it. You want your price to be low so the launch team especially can download it to leave a verified purchase.When it comes to Amazon rankings, a book that has the verified purchase tag weighs more than a non verified review. Make it easy for people to download. Set your price low and get the rankings moving. You can increase your price point after the launch.#4 Giving unclear directionsYou want everything to be so easy for your team that it can literally run itself. What this means is, setting up all the steps so that people know exactly what to so. Some of the questions I have had from team members were:Where do I leave   review?How do I leave a review?Where is the link for the book?What is this Goodreads website?You can eliminate confusion and wasting time answering basic questions by setting up the steps so it is like paint-by-numbers. For example, shoot a short video of how to set up a review. Walk people through the process. Video is a fantastic way to visually teach the steps and can be done easily. You can then post it in the Facebook feed or embed the link in an email to be downloaded from Dropbox or Vimeo.It all comes down to planning ahead. By foreseeing possible problems that can slow down your launch, prepare ah ead of time and set your team up for success.The Power of SharingSwipe Copy for Your Team is a set of pre-formatted/written emails and/or posts that the launch team can use to share either via email or online. You want this to be as simple as possible so people can just copy and paste to their social media platforms or deliver by email without it taking too much of their time. The easier it is for your team to deliver, the better.Create swipe copy for your book launch and make this available to your team via dropbox or upload to your Facebook Group. The swipe copy should be easy to use and provide material for sharing online or via email.You should include specific instructions as to how to use the swipe copy. Not everyone has used this before and you will get questions from people if they have difficulty.I would recommend shooting a short video explaining how to set this up on launch day. Show people how easy it is. Encourage them to share where they can and as often as possible.If each of the people on you team threw up a post on their Facebook page, and they had an average of 500 friends each, that would exponentially share your book with a large community that you otherwise wouldn’t have had access to.Setting up a Launch Team Roster for Future BooksOnce the launch is over, your facebook group will most likely be disbanded. You could try to keep it going but after the launch is over, but without a specific purpose for the group that extends beyond the launch, it is a lot of work to keep the interest going. This is where a long term strategy for your books could be put into play.Are you planning to launch another book? Do you want to use some of your core launch members for another book launch? In that case, you could set up a street team of reviewers that are ready to support you on, not only this launch, but all future launches.Remember: a launch team is more than just getting someone to review your book. You could take the relationship to the next level. Consider setting up a private facebook group for people who want to stay in touch and support your work in future launches. And, if they agree to this, it will be far easier to tap into a group that is already in place then recruiting new members.Build Your Launch Team [Master Checklist]Here is a review of the steps to build your launch team.Reach out to at least 20-30 people directly to begin the recruitment process. Ask for permission to put them on your launch team.Expand to social media circles like Facebook, Instagram, or LinkedIn.Put together an incentive package: free digital copy, paperback, question and answer group call, or a sneak peak at the launch behind-the-scenes.Choose your method of communication: email, a Facebook group, or both. [Both methods are recommended together]Be clear about your expectations for the launch [launch goals for reviews, ranking, and book sales]Create a series of emails to send to your group. You can set these up beforehand or create as you go for a more ‘on-the-spot customized feel.Decide the method to deliver emails: gmail template or email server campaign template [recommended]. You can use Mailchimp, free up to 2000 subscribers.Prepare a â€Å"Welcome to my launch team† Video or Post.Send out your Welcome Email. This includes the digital copy of the book. In your email outline the expectations for being on the launch team.Create a â€Å"Swipe File† for the team to share. Deliver this to your team the day before launch.Keep track of your team emails using an excel sheet.Send out a â€Å"review reminder† a week after the launch.Final email/posting: Thank your team for their support during the launch. Follow up on any final incentives promised.Stay in touch with members of your team. Continue to build relationships with people so that your book launch can get bigger with every new book release.Learn How to Launch Your Book for SUCCESSNow that you have a roadmap for setting up your launch team, it is time to get to work. Remember that the best time to start building your team is right now. Work on your relationships with people interested in your material. Connect with other authors and begin to get the word out about your upcoming book launch. It is never too early to start.

The Chemistry Behind Sparkler Fireworks

The Chemistry Behind Sparkler Fireworks All fireworks are not created equal! For example, there is a difference between a firecracker and a sparkler. The goal of a firecracker is to create a controlled explosion. A sparkler, on the other hand, burns over a long period of time (up to a minute) and produces a brilliant shower of sparks. Sometimes sparklers are called snowballs in reference to the ball of sparks that surrounds the burning part of the sparkler. Sparkler Chemistry A sparkler consists of several substances: An oxidizerA fuelIron, steel, aluminum, or other metal powderA combustible binder In addition to these components, colorants, and compounds to moderate the chemical reaction also may be added. Often, firework fuel is charcoal and sulfur. Sparklers simply may use the binder as the fuel. The binder is usually sugar, starch, or shellac. Potassium nitrate or potassium chlorate may be used as oxidizers. Metals are used to create the sparks. Sparkler formulae may be quite simple. For example, a sparkler may consist only of potassium perchlorate, titanium or aluminum, and dextrin. Now that youve seen the composition of a sparkler, lets consider how these chemicals react with each other: Oxidizers Oxidizers produce oxygen to burn the mixture. Oxidizers are usually nitrates, chlorates, or perchlorates. Nitrates are made up of a metal ion and a nitrate ion. Nitrates give up 1/3 of their oxygen to yield nitrites and oxygen. The resulting equation for potassium nitrate looks like this: 2 KNO3(solid) → 2 KNO2(solid) O2(gas) Chlorates are made up of a metal ion and the chlorate ion. Chlorates give up all of their oxygen, causing a more spectacular reaction. However, this also means they are explosive. An example of potassium chlorate yielding its oxygen would look like this: 2 KClO3(solid) → 2 KCl(solid) 3 O2(gas) Perchlorates have more oxygen in them but are less likely to explode as a result of an impact than are chlorates. Potassium perchlorate yields its oxygen in this reaction: KClO4(solid) → KCl(solid) 2 O2(gas) Reducing Agents The reducing agents are the fuel used to burn the oxygen produced by the oxidizers. This combustion produces hot gas. Examples of reducing agents are sulfur and charcoal, which react with the oxygen to form sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), respectively. Regulators Two reducing agents may be combined to accelerate or slow the reaction. Also, metals affect the speed of the reaction. Finer metal powders react more quickly than coarse powders or flakes. Other substances, such as cornmeal, also may be added to regulate the reaction. Binders Binders hold the mixture together. For a sparkler, common binders are dextrin (a sugar) dampened by water or a shellac compound dampened by alcohol. The binder can serve as a reducing agent and as a reaction moderator. How Does a Sparkler Work? Lets put it all together: A sparkler consists of a chemical mixture that is molded onto a rigid stick or wire. These chemicals often are mixed with water to form a slurry that can be coated on a wire (by dipping) or poured into a tube. Once the mixture dries, you have a sparkler. Aluminum, iron, steel, zinc or magnesium dust or flakes may be used to create the bright, shimmering sparks. The metal flakes heat up until they are incandescent and shine brightly or, at a high enough temperature, actually burn. A variety of chemicals can be added to create colors. The fuel and oxidizer are proportioned, along with the other chemicals, so that the sparkler burns slowly rather than exploding like a firecracker. Once one end of the sparkler is ignited, it burns progressively to the other end. In theory, the end of the stick or wire is suitable to support it while burning. Important Sparkler Reminders Obviously, sparks cascading off of a burning stick present a fire and burn hazard. Less obviously, sparklers contain one or more metals to create the sparks and any colors, so they can present a health hazard. For example, they should not be burned on cakes as candles or otherwise used in a manner which could lead to consumption of the ash. So use sparklers safely and have fun!

Discuss the role of the Trinitarios, provide detail as to the origin Essay

Discuss the role of the Trinitarios, provide detail as to the origin of the organization, strategy-both political and military a - Essay Example According to Pons (149-150), without any foreign aid, the Trinitarios of Dominicans, headed by Juan Pablo Durate fought for Dominican independence; and the most significant move of Trinitarios was their win over Tomas de Bobadilla who was an opponent of Haitian government. The writer also says that Bobadilla’s political experience was an important factor for Trinitarios’ political strategy. The difference in opinion of Trinitarios with that of conservatives lowered their influence over the authority and they lost the power. However Trinitarios continued their effort to regain the lost power and demanded for higher ranks in the authority in order to attain the control of armed forces. Trinitarios set up their military coup and managed to establish their lost positions and power. Eventually Durate powered the control of country’s main garrison by attaining the post of military commander of Department of Santo Domingo. Following this, Durate succeeded in establishin g a new government through a series of proclamations. At the same time, there arose movements against Trinitarios and several actions to disable their power. According to Sagas and Inoa (3), the incessant efforts of Trinitarios brought forth the nation’s independence.

Exam Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exam Questions - Essay Example This results in a reduction per unit output and an increase in their average rate of operation. Such mergers can be extremely beneficial to companies who can benefit from the future advantage of multiple manufacturers are supported by a singular center. This can prove to be quite cost effective in the long term. 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the friendly versus hostile approaches to a corporate takeover? Hostile takeovers are sometimes preferred because it allows the takeover firm to, essentially, ambush the target company, giving them no time to react, preempt, or interfere with such a takeover. It forces the hands of the target company giving them little beneficial choice in attempting to impede the takeover. Friendly takeovers are only really beneficial when the takeover company wants to maintain much of the staff and management and prevent any interference in productivity. A friendly takeover comes with a warning and can encourage more cooperation; however that is not always the case. Sometimes, the foreknowledge of the takeover can lead to the target company, raising the value of its stocks and granting greater opportunity to impede the process if they so wish. Both have advantages and disadvantages, but it’s the opportunity that the element of surprise offers that makes hostile takeovers so common. 3. What are the four basic types of business level strategies that companies commonly pursue, and how are they different? The four basic types of business level strategies that companies commonly pursue are. 1. Price or Cost leadership: Cost leadership developing a firm with the lowest cost of operation within their industry and aims to increase scale of production. Price leadership refers to a business that may be the one with the lower cost to produce but not necessarily selling its products and services at the lowest cost. 2. Product differentiation: Is a company that works to make its products so very different in its appearance and packaging in order to set it apart from the its competitors. This can be lucrative for a business as the consumers perceive the unique appearance as a sign of a superior product. 3. Focus or niche strategies: Refers to a firm or company that specifies its products to a specific demographic or group that is not necessarily the majority of consumers. Essentially it is an opportunity to become a mainstay within that product industry. 4. Hybrid Strategies: This, simply, refers to firms that option to combine the different styles and incorporate elements of each. In other words it focuses on efficient cost effective production, works to make their product unique amongst its competitors, and seeks out its own appropriate niche to guarantee greater profit. 4. Identify at least three criteria that might be used to select a manufacturing firm as a potential acquisition candidate. A financial services firm? A high technology firm? (Answer these questions in 110 words or less) Any given busin ess must be wise in choosing the manufacturing, financial, and high technology firms that they employ for their business. There are some very important criteria that they will consider when making the selection of each. When seeking a financial servicing firm they may

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Personal Statement Example Nursing Positions Held In the Past Five Years I have worked in several capacities in the past five years. I served as an ICU/CPU nurse. This position entailed provision of complete nursing care to patients in critical condition by closely observing them. Secondly, this position involved administering approved medicine to patients and collaborating with other medical practitioners in service delivery. It also entailed provision of support and education to families. Finally, it involved respiratory, speech and physical therapies, patient assessment and delivery of treatment in various leadership roles. The second position was a case manager or admission nurse in a hospice setting. This involved performing and reviewing admissions, evaluations and assessment. The third position I served in was in a case manager hospital setting. It involved constant support through comprehensive assessment and ensuring patient quality management by ensuring cost effectiveness. Finally, I served in as a staff nurse in a long-term care facility (LTAC). I helped physicians with bedside procedures, infection control, wound care and overall examinations. Personal and Professional Goals Over the Next Five Years My personal goals are to improve my education level thereby sharpening my knowledge and skills in the field. I plan to advance my education in the NSN Family Nurse Program. Once I complete the BSN program that I wish to pursue to increase my practice in the nursing career, I will have the relevant knowledge and skills to fit in the expanded role of FNP. My professional goals are focused towards developing my skills and knowledge. I plan to be attending seminars and educational forums to work on my skills. I purpose to be reading nursing and healthcare journals and periodicals to stay in touch with any changes in the practices. I plan to be playing an active role in the political affairs relating to professionalism practice organizations and insightfully seek DNP. Finally, I seek to acquire an entry level to practice in a FNP position and practice in an institution where I can serve families. Reasons Why I Chose the FNP Role To begin with, FNPs (Family Nursing Practitioners) have been known t have a long history of helping patients understand their illnesses and assist them in making improvements. This role is becoming increasingly dominant, most of the nurses are going for this option.The FNP role has grown immensely since its inception, and career opportunities are not limited to the hospital setting. This role is subject to professional longevity since FNPs will play an important role in expansion of health care service provision. This role enables me to provide primary and preventive health care services. Additionally, I will prescribe medications, diagnose and treat minor illnesses within the scope of practice. Additionally, this role encourages collaboration with physicians. This helps me to serve family and patients better. There are financial benefit s accruing from this role owing to increasing marketability in the profession. Although I appreciate the pay, it is not the sole reason why I chose to advance the practice role of an FNP. How I Will Utilize FNP Training Over the Next Five Years The FNP training will be of a positive impact in my career over the next five years. This training will help me identify past and current issues in the health care sector

Investments class (Measure for t-bond & funds historical data) Assignment

Investments class (Measure for t-bond & funds historical data) - Assignment Example Theoretically, a bond is like a stock or a share which gives a sort of dividend to its holder. It is one of the most important categorizes that comes under the ambit of finance and it is important from the viewpoint of financial consultant to analyze the same (Bodie, Zvi, Alex Kane, and Alan, pp. 44-55). There is a significant relationship has been found among the interest rate and bond valuation. A rate at which the interest is paid by the borrowers in consequences of using the money specifically borrows from a lender. Interest rate in particular is a percent of principal paid by a certain amount per annum. Interest rate is one of the most important from the standpoint of a country and it is also deems a positive and significant tool come under the ambit of monetary policy. Countries with a high interest rate would not be deemed as economically viable because the cost of doing business in these countries would be high. Interest rate has its own recognition for the companies, especia lly for the new companies who want to enter in a new country. There are number of countries which decreased its key policy rate merely to increase the level of borrowing in the economy which may increased the financial and economic potential of the economy as a whole. There are number of methods to value a bond and it is essential to value it accordingly, in order to increase the recognition. Bonds depend heavily upon yields, interest rates and maturity provisions. The main perspective of this assignment is to answer some of the questions related to bond analysis and valuation. There are four different tasks which have been required for the same analysis. The dynamics of funds with respect to the changes in time has been linked to the advancements or the trends registered in the contemporary world. The preference of each model against another has been pegged on the associated risks and the profitability that may be developed from the option of preference. The distinction of one mode l of funds to another can be presented via the evaluation of the procedures or methodologies that are deployed through the realization of the eventual aims. Other contributory factors that assist in the evaluation of the advancements made by a model of preference can be sourced from the governing principles in terms of contribution and subscription. Mutual funds focus on pooling together risks in terms of investment. Small investors pool their monetary value under one basket, thus aligning themselves for a strengthened investment. The caption point that is routinely developed via this approach is the fact that the investment is modeled along with an intelligent platform (Kent, Mark, Russ and Sheridan, pp. 15-20). The flow of monetary investments under mutual funds has posted significant adjustments across the twenty year period. A reflection on the annular performance of a mutual fund based investor, such as Cohen & Steers Realty Shares (CSRSX), reflects the indicated trend. This or ganization has been posting mixed adjustments in its annular revenue overview. The flutualtion of mutual funds in the analysis could be analyzed here with the below mentioned table and chart, Â   Mutual Funds Close End Funds ETFs UIT Total 1995 2,811 143 1 73 3,028 1996 3,526 147 2 72 3,747 1997 4,468 152 7 85 4,712 1998 5,525 156 16 94 5,791

Leading Strategy Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leading Strategy Change - Case Study Example This again proved, most changes are not physical but in the mental state of men and women. 1968 - Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore found Intel. (Intel Corp, 2006). Intel has seen rapid progress from that date till today, nearly four decades later. Intel has been known for its innovation. As a chip maker, they started doing RAM chips. In 1969, they launched 3101 Bipolar RAM. Soon they followed it up with innumerable number of inventions starting from the 4 bit microprocessors, EPROM chips, Microcontrollers, 8 bit microprocessors, chips for supercomputers, DRAMs and many other innovative products. It is the largest semiconductor manufacturer in the world. It makes the number one chip that is on more than 85% of the Desktop computers. Intel Corp., has grown from a small start up firm that wanted to innovate to a large mega corporation that was to be emulated. The point of change that is to be looked at today is when Intel launched its all new Pentium Processor with much fanfare. We will take a close look at the sequence of events that headed for a change in the management doctrine in Intel. 1. Year 1993, Intel realized that their processors were predominantly employed, more than 90%, in making of the personal computers. They wanted to have the public know that it is their processor inside. Though most people talk of the Intel chip that goes into the processor and that the processor is the heart of the computer. Intel rolled out what they called as the Intel Inside logo. 1993 saw the launch of the campaign across the world in all countries. In China, they even had the cycle reflectors with Intel Inside logo for awareness. (Andrew S Grove, 1996). 2. Pentium was launched after much research in 1994. During the course of the testing exercise, it was found that Pentium had a floating point problem that occurred once every nine billion divisions. If this has to occur on a spreadsheet, it has to be used for nearly 27000 years. With this in mind, Intel went on to release the processor into the market. 3. Pentium evoked good response from the market. IBM adopted Pentium and so did others. But one response from a professor who did math calculations said that he found that there was a calculation error when multiple divisions were done. This escalated and the problem on the Pentium was blown into the media glare. 4. November, 1994 - media was fully on the Pentium FPU (Function Point Unit) calculation error. Every magazine, techie or otherwise, reported the event. CNN covered the whole episode. The net result was that the people suddenly and over night declined to accept the chips. By December, 1994, IBM stopped shipping PCs with Pentium Chips. 5. In order to restore confidence with the people, Intel corrected the chip and replaced every one of the bad chips already sold to all those who asked for a replacement. This meant replacing millions of chips costing over $475 million. Managing the Change - Loss and Later The change that happened in Intel needs to be closely studied. Intel CEO, Mr Andrew S Grove, calls the change that shook Intel out of its perceived safety as Strategic Inflection Point. This changes the course of a company either takes it to the next level

Reflections Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflections - Assignment Example herbal, relaxation. Also, I aim to apply the novel knowledge on how to identify and manage potential drug interactions. I intend to be a medical practitioner who educates the patient as I have learnt that giving instructional points to patients and guardians plays a vital role in recovery (Golan & Tashjian, 2012). As time goes by, so does the profession of pharmacology evolves; changing the common trend. Therefore, being updated is appropriate. As a medical practitioner, I plan to update my emerging medications knowledge by regularly visiting sites like www.elsevier.com, www.fiercepharma.com, and informahealthcare.com/journal/emd. I am from the state of Florida. Yes, my state has pharmacology requirements as far as continuing education. To meet these regulatory requirements, I plan to complete a minimum of 20 hours in pharmacology related subjects during each two-year recertification cycle. Moreover, I plan to be approved by the Pharmacy Board and also put my current email address on file, maintain and report my development credits to the state via CPE monitor program or CEBroker.com, and renew my current license by the expiration date. To sum it up, I can boldly say that I have come to appreciate my role as a drug prescriber. I aim to maintain effective and caring practice standards for the good of saving a life. This pharmacology class has made my career develop into a broader

Leading Strategy Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leading Strategy Change - Case Study Example This again proved, most changes are not physical but in the mental state of men and women. 1968 - Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore found Intel. (Intel Corp, 2006). Intel has seen rapid progress from that date till today, nearly four decades later. Intel has been known for its innovation. As a chip maker, they started doing RAM chips. In 1969, they launched 3101 Bipolar RAM. Soon they followed it up with innumerable number of inventions starting from the 4 bit microprocessors, EPROM chips, Microcontrollers, 8 bit microprocessors, chips for supercomputers, DRAMs and many other innovative products. It is the largest semiconductor manufacturer in the world. It makes the number one chip that is on more than 85% of the Desktop computers. Intel Corp., has grown from a small start up firm that wanted to innovate to a large mega corporation that was to be emulated. The point of change that is to be looked at today is when Intel launched its all new Pentium Processor with much fanfare. We will take a close look at the sequence of events that headed for a change in the management doctrine in Intel. 1. Year 1993, Intel realized that their processors were predominantly employed, more than 90%, in making of the personal computers. They wanted to have the public know that it is their processor inside. Though most people talk of the Intel chip that goes into the processor and that the processor is the heart of the computer. Intel rolled out what they called as the Intel Inside logo. 1993 saw the launch of the campaign across the world in all countries. In China, they even had the cycle reflectors with Intel Inside logo for awareness. (Andrew S Grove, 1996). 2. Pentium was launched after much research in 1994. During the course of the testing exercise, it was found that Pentium had a floating point problem that occurred once every nine billion divisions. If this has to occur on a spreadsheet, it has to be used for nearly 27000 years. With this in mind, Intel went on to release the processor into the market. 3. Pentium evoked good response from the market. IBM adopted Pentium and so did others. But one response from a professor who did math calculations said that he found that there was a calculation error when multiple divisions were done. This escalated and the problem on the Pentium was blown into the media glare. 4. November, 1994 - media was fully on the Pentium FPU (Function Point Unit) calculation error. Every magazine, techie or otherwise, reported the event. CNN covered the whole episode. The net result was that the people suddenly and over night declined to accept the chips. By December, 1994, IBM stopped shipping PCs with Pentium Chips. 5. In order to restore confidence with the people, Intel corrected the chip and replaced every one of the bad chips already sold to all those who asked for a replacement. This meant replacing millions of chips costing over $475 million. Managing the Change - Loss and Later The change that happened in Intel needs to be closely studied. Intel CEO, Mr Andrew S Grove, calls the change that shook Intel out of its perceived safety as Strategic Inflection Point. This changes the course of a company either takes it to the next level

Lady Macbeths Diary Essay Example for Free

Lady Macbeths Diary Essay What an utter disaster. What should have been a dignified occaion to mark my husbands crowing, has ended up with confusion. His first great ceremonial state banquet has been ruined. The guests arrived and were asked to take their places. To begin with things seemed very organised. then all of a sudden he began talking to thin air. People will think hes insane. My part in persuading him to kill the king had been crucial that is why I cant understand why he didnt tell of his plans to kill Fleance and Banquo. Afterall, if it wasnt for me the murder of Duncan would have been an absolute disaster . I practically murdered him myself. I drugged the possets of the grooms sleeping in the outer chamber; I laid the daggers ready; all he had to do was the deed itself. Then I found him with two blood-stained daggers which should have been left with the grooms, the supposed murderers. He was terrifed and incapable of returning to the murder scene so I had to do so, smearing the grooms with blood. When I returned I found him transfixed with thoughts of blood and guilt and once again I took charge of the situation. I told him to go and wash the blood from his hands. Perhaps he genuinely wants me to be innocent of Banquos murder. Maybe it is his way of protecting me. It could be that he couldnt handle me being in charge of Duncans murder. He might want to prove that he can still do things for himself. My ruthless determination to make him king has overcome all his doubts. What has happened to the man I married, who was a noble, brave and loyal subject of the rigtful king? I know he is a man of great bravery, even of savagery on the battlefield, however, he seems a different man. Hes a great warrior whos used to making life-and-death decisions. He is a man of action but gets confused when he loses his sense of right and wrong. Yet his murders are unmannly. Maybe he is just a really evil man. Maybe he is so mixed up that he cannot sort out the difference between right and wrong. Perhaps he is under the power of the witches. Maybe he does not know what to do and is acting on the spurof the moment, without really thinking too much. Until now I was much more determined and strong. I now find myself on the edge. Unlike earlier I would have been able todo the most terrible deeds, I feel that now that I could not have even carried out the murder of Duncan myself because the sleeping Duncan reminds me of my father. I am not a monster, im simply a wife trying to protect encourage and support my husband. He says he is afflicted by terrible dreams. He seems almost to envy the dead King Duncan, who he says, sleeps well. Although Duncan is dead, Macbeth says that at least nothing can hurt him any more. His sleep is becoming tormented: O full of scorpions is my mind, Banquo seems to him like a poisonous snake and his life is diseased, a fitful fever. Macbeth is king and I am his Queen we have achieved everything weve ever wanted. We are supposed to feel happy, excited and at the peak of our lives. Instead we feel threatened and unsafe. Our happiness is doubtful. He no longer tells me anything and trusts no one. He feels so advanced on this murderous course of action that ( like wading across a river of blood ) it is as easy to go on as it is to go back.

Analysis Of Empathy And Sympathy

Analysis Of Empathy And Sympathy In relationships, people were around often found something unpleasant emotional problem sometimes or needs to be understood by someone, then how to deal with these situations. Empathy is the cognitive process of identifying with or vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another. (Verderber, 2004, p. 211). Empathy is an important element in understanding and maintaining good interpersonal relationships. Therefore, empathy is tried to understand and experience that other people experience what is the kind of understanding. Sympathy and empathy are different, that is change the role of empathy seek to understand each others experience, feeling, thoughts and attitudes. When empathizing, there was representative the position of the position has already been converted in another persons place to try understand what is happening to other. But that will might find it difficult to avoid making judgments when is listen to someone elses problem, it is fail to empathize with others, however, that is also fail to understanding with other. So that have to exactly what must do to listen with empathy and more approaches or how to improving. (Seiler, 2005, p. 150). In the addition, when empathizing, empathy has identified some different approaches that people can use. That is empathic responsiveness, perspective taking, and sympathetic responsiveness. Firstly, Empathic responsiveness is experiencing an emotional response parallel to another persons actual or anticipates display of emotion. (Verderber, 2004, p. 211). For example, when employer tells employee will lose their job, employee will have experienced empathic responsiveness. Employer should be senses the sadness of that employee, that deeply sad feeling is the feels of employee. The empathic responsiveness approach is the most easy to use, when people have a close or intimate relationship with other person, they will have a strong relationship bond between each other, which can identify more easily with the others feelings, emotion and experiences it along with other. So back to the example, if they have a good relationship between employer and employee, the employer may know what the e mployee is feeling. The position of the employer should understands and feelings the employee feel, employer has to empathy the feelings of employee is loses their jobs. Clearly understanding of feelings of employee is a point of a successful employer must be known. So in general, empathic responsiveness is most easily with close person with each other. (Verderber, 2004, p. 211). Secondly, perspective taking is one of approaches to empathy, that defined is imagining yourself in the place of another. (Verderber, 2004, p. 212). That means is with another position of imagination, consider the situation of other, feelings of others is expected, and then assume that other people will feel similarly. For example, imagine if the employer was fires, and is expected to what the experience of their emotions if that is happens, the employer will be feelings same with that employee, then that is using empathizing by perspective taking. Sympathetic responsiveness is the one of approaches to empathy, a feeling of concern, compassion, or sorrow for another because of the situation is the defined. (Verderber, 2004, p. 212). Sympathetic responsiveness is differs with other two approaches before. That is no attempt to experience and understand each others feelings or imagine be in the place of another, however, that is rather focus on emotionally understanding what the speakers has said and experience feelings of concern, compassion, or sorrow for the that person. (Verderber, 2004, p. 212). For example, if the employer have sympathy and understanding of employee when employee is feels like embarrassed and worried, and also trying to feels emotions or experience of employee, employer will feels concern and compassion for that employee, relationship for both of them will be build up to each other . So these three approaches will be able to make accurate judgments in the cognitive process of identifying with or vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and attitudes of another. Beside that, empathizing is hard to communication with other from different culture, especially with strangers. So empathic listening will improve the ability to empathize. Listening skills also is including one of approaches. Listening with empathy occurs when have listened to what someone else is experiencing and seek to understand that persons thoughts and feelings. (Seiler, 2005, p. 149). The most effective way is by listening to feelings of other people to want to hear the voice inside the heart, which try to understand and know what it was, people or things from the perspective of others to feel and reflect these feelings back. (Hybels, 2001, p.85). So what is the procedure of empathizing, show respect for the person by actively attending to what the person says; concentrate on observing and understanding both the verbal and nonverbal messages, using paraphrases and perception checking to the aid; experience an emotional response parallel to another persons actual or anticipate d display of emotion, imagine yourself in the place of the person, feel concern, compassion, or sorrow for the person because situation or plight. (Verderber, 2004, p. 215). Furthermore, empathy is as important as element of effective interpersonal communication and the listener also is very important too. And empathy is closely related with a listener task, listeners task have to be put away their own feelings and prejudices as those of others to listen what they speaker talking about. Listener must be to do this, listener need to know and understand what the feeling by speakers say out their mind is and listen carefully the speakers say what had happened, and then comforting sympathy or encouragement to help find a solution of the problem. (Hybels, 2001, p.85). Identify the emotions is often the most difficult part for listener, listener needs to listen carefully and know what the speaker is really saying that real meaning. For example, an employee in the matter of unhappy encounter some setbacks, the employee is too excited that wanted to kill the employer. That employee said that apparently has no plans to kill the employer. In the case, it is reason able to assume that the speaker is feeling angry. If someone responded to that employee, or someone will try to replace the role of that employee to think, let that employee to say out what has happened, there might the tragedy will not happen. Moreover, listeners task besides listen attentively, also want to use an empathic-listening response way to reach is through paraphrasing, restating the other persons thoughts or feelings in the words. Back to the example, let the employee say out the whole story, listener is no need to respond with more or specific, just wants to be listened to, and show the interest and concern if listener listen and look sympathetic, let the employee finish the whole story, and discover other feelings in addition to anger. This response not only helps identify the feelings; it also helps find out whether the hearing accurately and shows that is paying attention. A paraphrasing response provides a mirror for the other persons remarks. (Hybels, 2001, p. 86). Again, sometimes listener just listening for peoples feeling and explains how to solve the problem. People are feel better when their after frequently want to vent their feelings, but sometimes just listening is not enough. The last one in empathic listening is to give the person a chance to work out the problem. Empathic listening is includes helping the other person find a way to solve the problem. In the case of that employee, the important has to solve the problem. So listener has to use the good attitudes to help that employee and have the ability to help that employee to deal with the problem. To be a good listener is required to taking on more responsibility and rather focusing on solution with that employee, also have to try focusing on feeling and listening empathically, so that is the responsibility of a good listener. (Hybels, 2001, p. 87). Therefore, everyone also a different point of view but they only stand at their own angel to see their own view. They are not use the time to assess property; it is very easy to make assumptions and jump to conclusion. This often leads to misunderstandings, bad feelings, conflict, poor morale and even divorce. Without empathy, people do not feel heard ad understood. So empathy is so important on our daily life. Beside that, empathy also so important in the workplace, if without empathy, people will not thought other persons feeling, thought and attitudes, and also including all experience moods, pain and hurt, joy and sadness. To be a leaders must seriously using the empathy to understand what the person is thinking or feeling by not trying to change or amend, and empathy to solve the problems, understand what the person think or feel, people feel valued, they will feel safe. For the example, when the employees feel value, they are feeling safe. So that indicates employees are more p roductive when they are feel valued. In the following, we have to choose to improve, to care, to get out of own way, and to bridge the gaps between-generation, cultures, religions, socioeconomics, etc. So empathetic can help to manage and avoid disruptive and assault behaviors. The 5 simple steps have provided the speaker with that undivided attention. That is one time multi-tasking will get in the trouble; Second, Be non-judgmental, maximum or rise up the speakers issue; Third, read the speaker, observe the emotion behind the words. Is that the speaker afraid, frustrated, angry or resentful and respond to the emotion as well as the words. Four, be quiet, dont give an immediate reply, often if aloe foe some quiet after the speaker has vented, they themselves will break the silence and offer a solution; Last, assure understanding, ask about clarifying questions and restate what the speaker to be saying; That is the following these simple steps will place in a better situation for addressing the key issue. Next, is followed by how to improve the empathy skills in interpersonal communication. First, stop to recognize other peoples emotions, empathy is the ability to share in their emotional experience. There are some people who have an easier time observing connecting to another persons emotions, and there is some evidence that some people have a genetic predisposition to being empathetic. For example, understanding emotional states of others will helps deepen their understanding. It helps to create the connections that are sharing in the experience. Second is imagine yourself in their position, that is once recognize what the other person feels, empathy requires that feel what are they are feeling. The means you need to put yourself in their position. But it doesnt mean you put yourself in their position in the logical sense of word. There have the ability helps create the connection and the foundation of trust. Third one is listen and accept their interpretation. Emotional intelligenc e and empathy requires the ability to listen to others and to accept that their interpretation of events, facts, or ideas is true for them. To truly exercise that empathy and that emotional intelligence, there have to be listen without immediately passing judgment on the facts or the meaning of what is being said. They have to accept their interpretation as being valid and worthwhile. That was sped a lot of time trying to change peoples minds and trying to move people from taking no action to taking action. Empathy and emotional intelligence allow to suspend the mind changing until that have built the connection that will allow to work with their point if view. Four is pause between stimulus and response and consider the outcome. Leading others and changing minds means that not only have to exercise these skills with others, and also have to emotions. Before that cans manage the emotions of others, that had to be able to manage their own emotions. One of the most powerful ways to de al with highly emotionally charged events is to simply pause before responding. Use pause to decide hoe that response will help or hurt that achieving the outcome that need. Dont focus on the emotion; focus on a response that moves you closer to you needed outcome. And the last is use emotions to drive action. Negative emotions to create a case for change and to drive their teams to take actions and positive emotions to build high-performing cultures that believe that by user will be can succeed. In the conclusion, these attributes combine to generate trust and confidence, and they are the foundation of long-term relationships. Remember it is better to learn how to become an empathetic person. Your communication skills will only become better. You social awareness will only become better. Your ability to relate to other people and understand their point of views will become much better. No one says changing is easy, but when you know there is something you need to change about yourself, taking the steps necessary is a good idea